1. Types of Diabetes

• Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Requires lifelong insulin therapy. Commonly begins in children or young adults.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Caused by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Often develops in adults, but increasingly found in younger people due to obesity and inactivity.
• Gestational Diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy. Increases risk for mother and child and raises chances of developing Type 2 diabetes later.

2. Common Symptoms of Diabetes

• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst
• Persistent hunger
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow wound healing
• Numbness or tingling in extremities

3. Risk Factors for Developing Diabetes

• Genetics: Family history increases risk, especially for Type 2
• Visceral fat: Abdominal fat impairs insulin response
• Lifestyle habits:
  • High-sugar, processed diets
  • Physical inactivity
  • Poor sleep
  • Chronic stress
• Age & Health History:
  • Over age 45
  • High blood pressure
  • Abnormal cholesterol
  • History of gestational diabetes

4. How to Manage Diabetes Effectively

• Type 1: Insulin therapy
• Type 2: Begins with oral medications like metformin; may progress to insulin
• Gestational: Insulin during pregnancy if needed

• Focus on low glycemic index foods: oats, brown rice, whole grains
• Include vegetables and legumes for fiber
• Limit added sugars, refined carbs, excess salt, and unhealthy fats
• Control portion sizes

• Aim for 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly (e.g., walking)
• Add 2–3 strength sessions per week
• Consult a doctor before starting if complications exist

• Check glucose levels regularly
• Monitor body weight (even 5% loss helps!)
• Schedule routine exams for eyes, kidneys, and nerves to prevent complications